The $1 trillion F-35 tries to be all things, but
succeeds at few, say critics. But is Australia’s new weapon now too big
to fail?
Take a look at the F-35 fighter jet. Courtesy Lockheed Martin
AUSTRALIA has committed its biggest defence outlay ever on an
unfinished combat jet critics insist can’t fight, can’t run and can’t
hide. Is the F-35 a flop?
Angst has been boiling about the
F-35 Lightning II (otherwise known as the Joint Strike Fighter)
since its inception. Now, five years overdue and six years away from
its revised delivery date, that angst has exploded into furore.
The United States, and by virtual default all its key allies, have pinned their hopes on this single project.
In the US it’s been priced at over $1 trillion. Australia is spending around $15 billion.
Advocates insist its is the most advanced killing machine in history
— a flying supercomputer pumping an unprecedented level of information
into a $500,000 helmet that allows pilots to “see” through the floor of
their own aircraft.
Whatever the case, the F-35 was supposed to be an affordable alternative to the far more capable F22 Raptor interceptor fighter.
Now,
it’s so expensive — in fact it’s the most costly defence project in
history at $1 trillion — it is being seen as “far too big to fail”.
While
builder Lockheed Martin may yet succeed in rolling the aircraft off the
production line, there are grave doubts in the aircraft’s ability to do
the jobs demanded of it.
Critics point to what they call a
fundamental flaw in its design: As a cost-savings exercise, it’s
supposed to be all things to all people.
For the US Navy, it’s supposed to be an F14 Tomcat interceptor and F/A18 Hornet strike fighter combined.
For the US air force, it’s supposed to do the jobs of the F-16 strike fighter and A10 ground-attack aircraft.
For the US Marines, it’s supposed to be a replacement for their iconic “Jump Jet” Harriers.
The
result, critics say, is a cascading series of compromises that has
produced an aircraft inadequate to meet any of its functions.
Here’s a look at the causes of the controversy.
CAN THIS FIGHTER FIGHT?
It’s supposed to clear the skies to keep valuable assets and troops safe.
It’s supposed to sneak past enemy air defences with ease, and deliver its (limited) ordinance with pinpoint accuracy.
It’s supposed to go in rough and dirty to support embattled ground troops — anywhere, anytime.
But
defence industry critics are now loudly shouting it isn’t up to any of
these tasks. Not mean enough. Not stealthy enough. Especially when put
up against its new Russian and Chinese competitors.
It’s underarmed with just two air-to-air missiles and two large bombs, they say.
Advocates
insist it can carry an enormous array of modern weapons — and that its
speed and manoeuvrability handicaps are negated by its extreme stealth
characteristics. You cannot shoot what you cannot see, they argue.
Detractors
argue that strapping bombs under the F-35 wings is like putting up a
huge neon “shoot me” sign in modern battlefield radar environments. And
given that the F-35 is inherently slower and less manoeuvrable than its
opponents, it can only carry more than its hidden, but highly limited,
internal load at its own risk.
It’s a point the F-35’s competitors have highlighted,
using test combat results to try to convince Australia to buy their Russian-based technology instead.
Advocates
present the aircraft’s incredibly enhanced battlefield electronics as
their trump card. But these Top Secret systems that sound as though they
are straight out of a science fiction movie are yet to become fully
operational.
Imposing presence ... Prime Minister
Tony Abbott with a mock-up of the F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter
at RAAF base Fairbairn, in Canberra.
Australia has committed to buying
more than 70 of the controversial aircraft.
Source: News Corp Australia
Look at me ... current-generation
Sukhoi SU-35 fighters are being marketed as a proven alternative to the
F-35. Indonesia is proving to be increasingly interested.
Source: AFP
FLAWED FUNDAMENTALS?
It may not be sexy, but
commonality
is the key word: It’s in all the F-35 advertising. It is supposed to do
everything from dogfighting to dropping bombs, carrier landings to
vertical landings.
Problem is, each has some pretty specific — and strict — requirements. Commonality is not always compatible with capability.
But, commonality sounds good to budget-minded politicians.
It
sounds so good Australia is now reassessing its recent purchase of two
helicopter-carrying assault ships. Originally designed to operate the
AV8 Harrier aircraft for the Spanish navy, the Royal Australian Navy
bought a downgraded version optimised for helicopter use only.
The
Abbott Government is now considering including 12 of the short takeoff,
vertical-landing versions of the JSF, designated the F-35B, among its
72 aircraft order.
This would involve a major — and costly — rebuild of the two ships, back up to the original Spanish specifications.
It
is this attempt to incorporate the famous Harrier “Jump Jet” capability
into the F-35B that has caused many of the aircraft’s problems.
The
air force model (F35A) and naval version (F35C) of the fighter have
paid a huge price to keep the US Marines happy. Aerodynamically and
structurally, compromises had to be made in order to fit such a complex
vertical lift mechanism.
“Commonality” decrees that even those
versions not carrying the heavy, fuel-hungry and unbalancing engine
pointing downwards behind the pilot still have to have the huge hole to
accommodate it.
The air force cops a double-whammy: They also
don’t need the strong — but heavy — structural reinforcements that a
fighter needs to be captured by an aircraft carrier’s arrester hooks, or
be catapulted off the deck.
The end result?
All F35s are slower, less manoeuvrable and with less range and lighter payload than machines built to purpose.
The next generation Russian T-50 PAK-FA and the Chinese J20 have proven startlingly sophisticated.
It’s a performance gap reportedly emphasised in simulated combat tests between the F-35 and Russia’s already-in-service Su-35: The Russians repeatedly won. Defence officials have emphatically denied the relevance of this test comparison.
So, are the Marines happy with their super-Harrier that has hobbled the other services so much?
Hopefully.
They now have a theoretically capable stealth aircraft that can fly off
small flight decks and shattered airfields and sneak behind enemy
lines. But Marines are all about slugging it out mano-et-mano in “hot”
combat zones, not this “quietly-quietly” stealth business. Would they be
bringing a mask to a knife-fight?
Jack of all trades, master of none?
... a prototype F-35 Lightning II fighter jet at Eglin Air Force Base,
Florida. The US military on 22 February 2013 grounded all flights by its
F-35 jets after a crack was found in the engine of one of the planes.
Source: AP
EXPLODING COSTS
Delivering the dream machine that is all things to all people is proving more difficult than anticipated.
“It
is the biggest challenge in the history of military innovation, with a
price-tag to match,” one of the projects greatest advocates,
Forbes, concedes.
The
upshot: Last year the Pentagon Inspector General identified 719
specific problems with the aircraft — ranging from minor through to
mission-critical.
Fixing them costs hard cash. Even then, the F-35 fundamental design can only be “fixed” so far.
The
F-35 program was initially supposed to be a bargain: A multi-role
combat aircraft for everybody at the low, low development price of
$US233 billion.
Now, that development price has tipped $US400 billion — and is still rising.
The
cost of an individual aircraft was originally touted as being $US75
million. That’s now floating beneath $US150 million each.
Giant challenge ... Russia’s
next-generation T-50 stealth fighter poses a serious challenge to the
supremacy of the United States Air Force.
Source: Supplied
Advocates argue this figure is no more in inflation-adjusted terms than the F-16 fighter of the 1970s.
And
they point out that the estimated total project cost has fallen from a
feared $US1.5 trillion in 2012 to $US1.1 trillion in 2013, and now
$US857 billion
Initially promised to be delivered within 10 years, the program’s delivery date is now slipping past 20 years.
Early
production aircraft — which are being rolled off the assembly lines
before testing is complete — will need more than $US8 billion more in
updates and fixes to enable them to fire missiles, navigate and identify
the enemy.
New boy on the block ... China has made a huge leap into the realm of stealth aircraft with its J-20 prototypes.
Source: Supplied
COMPROMISED CORE?
After all is said and done, the stealthy — secret — jet may not be so secret after all.
A
US-Iranian citizen was arrested earlier this year attempting to smuggle
thousands of Top Secret blueprints, specifications and technical
documents relating to the program out of the country.
The F-35 is also high among the list US Federal agencies are investigating as being compromised by Chinese hackers.
Then there is its ability to do the job.
Problems
with its abilities to sneak about unobserved are a closely guarded
secret, though there are reports of issues including flaking
radar-absorbent paints.
There’s the supercomputer:
ALIS. The “artificial intelligence” of 24 million lines of code has reportedly proven to be something of a tyrant — refusing to accept everything from spare parts to weapons without “her” specific approval.
Even its core stealth characteristics have already been downgraded.
This year the US Navy reduced its order for the new stealth fighter and
instead sought to buy more electronic warfare aircraft to “jam” hostile
radars.
This may follow reports that new radars being fitted to Chinese and Russian warships and defence installations have been
tailored specifically to spot the supposedly stealthy fighter.
This follows a 2006 downgrade in the F-35’s projected stealth rating from “very low observable” to “low observable”.
What
this all means for export buyers who will get a downgraded version of
the F-35 is no doubt Top Secret, but hopefully not “observable”.
Controversially,
Australia was promised by its US ambassador back in 2000 that it would
get “the stealthiest aeroplane that anybody outside the United States
can acquire”.
But will that be enough given that the aircraft is so inferior to its opponents without its optimal stealth abilities?
The US ambassador again:
“Having
said that, the aeroplane will not be exactly the same aeroplane as the
United States will have. But it will be a stealth fighter; it will have
stealth capabilities; and it will be at the highest level that anyone in
the world has outside the United States.”
In case of emergency ... Prime
Minister Tony Abbott inside the cockpit of an F-35 mock-up. There are
mounting calls around the world for various governments to abandon the
behind schedule, over-budget and allegedly underperforming F-35.
Source: News Corp Australia
TOO BIG TO FAIL?
Lockheed Martin has been
lobbying hard to keep its flawed program alive for years. A 2013 report
reveals it has spent $US159 million on lobbying US politicians alone
since 2000. The true figure would be much higher when the governments
and officials of a host of nations — including Australia, the United
Kingdom and Canada — are taken into account.
And
not all press has been against the project: Business news groups such
as Forbes have been persistently reporting that all has been progressing
positively in Lockheed Martin’s labs.
So will Australia get value for money?
Perhaps.
Australia
initially expressed interest in buying 100 examples of this multirole
fighter to replace its ageing F/A-18 and F-111 fleet. As prices rose,
the number being purchased fell.
The total buy order now stands at a little over 70 F-35s.
But advocates continue to call baloney on critics fears.
They
point out that the F-35 program has been delivering test-flight results
ahead of its (revised) schedule for the past four years and that
production is “ramping up”.
Dr Mark Thomson, analyst at the
government-funded Australian Strategic Policy Institute, told
news.com.au that Australia’s choice of fighters from the international
market was limited.
“The alternative to the F35, is a previous
generation aircraft designed 15 or 20 years before the F35,” he said.
“If Australia wants an up-to-date aircraft that would see it through the
next two decades, it was the only choice, but yes, it does cost a lot
of money.”
Dr Thomson said there was some people critical of the aircraft’s performance but this was up to the United States to resolve.
“One
way or another they are going to have to make this aircraft work,” he
said, adding a rebuke to critics second-guessing the F-35 program on
limited information.
“It’s an incredible assertion that somehow they got it catastrophically wrong.”
Despite
the cacophony of criticism, new nations such as South Korea, Canada and
Israel keep lining up in the queue to purchase their own examples.
Is the F-35 flawed beyond redemption?
It can’t be.
All of the Western world’s eggs are in one basket.
If
it fails, it will cost the United States the military and technological
superiority it has proudly asserted ever since the victory over Germany
and Japan in 1945.
*Additional reporting by Charis Chang
Twilight, or a new dawn? ... An F-35A
conventional takeoff and landing (CTOL) variant undertakes night flying
tests. The troubled fighter has a huge number of hurdles to pass yet
before entering active service.
Source: Supplied
news.com.au 11 June 2014
Australian politicians buying a White Elephant from a war mongering nation with tax paying servant's monies.
It can even be suggested that the politicians that made the decision to purchase the 'fighter's are (deliberately?) putting Australians at risk, given the fact that it is well known in military circles that the fighter is a flop.
Another money for mates deal?
How can Australia, being subservient to 'Big Brother' buy a better alternative Russia's Sukhoi SU-35?
A real accolade in Australia's history.