The time of Federation
Some History
We accept that the people of
this continent known as Australia recognize that the traditional inhibitors of
the aforementioned continent are of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander decent
and that the Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people are the Indigenous
people of this continent. Like it or not, it was the United Kingdom (UK),that
settled this country, bringing with them their central form of Governance that
had operated for centuries.
The
Colonies:
In
the mid to late 1800s, the Colonies were not working together instead they were
constantly trying to outdo one another to the people’s disadvantage. They were
also consistently making laws that were repulsive to the people and offensive
to the Laws of England.This misbehaviour
still continues today.
The rampant Governments of the
Colonies were misbehaving so badly that the UK Parliament were forced to make a
law, the Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865 (Imp) that stopped such Governments
from making laws that were repugnant to the Laws of England. The wise men and
women of Australia (The humanitarians) were not particularly happy with the way
the Colonies were behaving to the extent, that in their eyes Australia needed a
local umbrella body (the Commonwealth Government) that had the ability to restrain
the Colonies.
Federation
At
the time just before Federation, Australia consisted of six Colonies. To turn six
Colonies into the Commonwealth of Australia required an Act from the UK
Parliament. The Act that the UK Parliament used to Federate Australia was
called; “An Act to constitute the Commonwealth of Australia 9th July
1900”. That Act is a Law of the UK Parliament and they can repeal, amend or do
nothing with it and the latter is what has happened.
There is
no provision to change the Constitution Act other than the UK Parliament and
it’s extremely unlikely that they would do that without a referendum of the
people in this country. The Constitution Act is made up of a Preamble and 9 Covering
Clauses or Sections and no more. The Constitution Act is an enabling act, in
other words an Act that allowed Australia to Federate.
We must
understand the difference between the Constitution Act and the Constitution. We
also must understand that the Constitution is part of the Constitution Act.(Covering
Clause 9)
The
Constitution Act.
Below we have included
part of the preamble, with some explanation of the Constitution Act.
and is referred to as the
Constitution Act.
Preamble.(Relevant
part only).
“Whereas
the people of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, and
Tasmania, humbly relying on the blessing of Almighty God, have agreed to unite
in one indissoluble Federal Commonwealth, under the Crown of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, and under the Constitution hereby established.”
“Whereas the people…..; the
words “Whereas the people” establish the fact that it was the people that
Federated Australia and not any form of Government. “Whereas the people” is
neither discriminatory nor racist. Those three words also establish the fact
that the people are sovereign over and above any Parliament in Australia.The
Annotated Constitution written by Quick and Garran make the following comments;
“This opinion approaches near the
truth, is the supreme absolute and uncontrollable authority remains with
the people.The opening words of the preamble also proclaim that the
Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia is founded on the will of
the people whom it is designed to unite and govern”.
………New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia,
Queensland, and Tasmania; those five Colonies
now States, decided to unite as the Commonwealth of Australia and although
Western Australia was not part of the Commonwealth at the time of the creation
of the Constitution Act. They did however decide to become part of the
Commonwealth about one month later. Now that all six Colonies have become six States
they united to form the Commonwealth of Australia. New Zealand was invited to
be part of the Commonwealth of Australia at that time but they declined the
offer.
…...have agreed to unite in one indissoluble
Federal Commonwealth; simply means that the six Colonies
that became States, then went on to be part of the Federal Commonwealth that
could not be split up. There is no provision in either the Constitution Act or
the Constitution for any State to split from the Commonwealth.
……under the Crown of the United Kingdom; The
words “under the Crown of the United Kingdom” have very significant meaning.The
Annotated Constitution written by Quick and Garran make the following comments;
“It is a concrete and unequivocal
acknowledgment of a principle which pervades the whole scheme of Government; harmony
with the British Constitution and loyalty to the Queen of the United Kingdom
with its multitudinous peoples and its complex divisions of political power”.
……United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;
The words “United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland” simply mean that three Countries formed together. Prior to the Act
of Union 1707, United Kingdom consisted of three separate Countries. Those
Countries were England, Scotland and Ireland (Wales is part of England). That
on 1st May, 1707, the nations of England and Scotland were united into one
kingdom by the name of Great Britain and that there should be one Parliament
for the whole kingdom. In 1801, in another Act of Union, Great Britain and
Ireland formed together to become the United Kingdom.
…..and under the Constitution hereby
established; The words, “Under the
Constitution,” The Annotated Constitution written by Quick and Garran make the
following comments; “The Commonwealth is
a political community, carved out of the British Empire and endowed
through its Constitution with a defined quota of self-governing powers.
Those powers are delegated by and derived from the British Parliament,
and they are to be held, enjoyed, and exercised by the people of the
Commonwealth in the manner prescribed by the grant, subject;
(1)
to the supreme British Sovereignty (under the Crown), and
(2)
to the Constitution of the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth is consequently
under a double subjection. It is subject in the first place to the British
Parliament, which, as the ultimate sovereign authority of the Empire, has
the legal power to legislate for the Commonwealth as a part of the Empire, and
even to amend or repeal the Constitution of the Commonwealth. The grant of
a Constitution to any dependency of the Empire is, however, a practical
guarantee that no Imperial legislation conflicting with such grant will be
passed except at the express request and with the concurrence of the dependency”
Below we have included part of Covering Clause
5 again with some explanation of
the Constitution Act.
(Relevant part only).
“This Act, and all laws made by the
Parliament of the Commonwealth under the Constitution, shall be binding on the
courts, judges, and people of every State and of every part of the
Commonwealth, notwithstanding (despite) anything in the laws of any State.”
It is this
Covering Clause that enables any person to bring the Constitution Act, which
includes the Constitution into any court. It would help to support your
argument using Covering Clause 5 with some case law.
The Annotated
Constitution written by Quick and Garran make the following comments,“No difficulty is suggested by the words,
“and all laws made by the Parliament of the Commonwealth under the
Constitution.” The words “under the Constitution” are words of limitation and
qualification. Not all enactments purporting to be laws made by the
Parliament are binding; but laws made under, in pursuance of, and within
the authority conferred by the Constitution, and those only, are binding
on the courts, judges, and people. A law in excess of the
authority conferred by the Constitution is no law; it is wholly void and
inoperative; it confers no rights, it imposes no duties; it affords no protection.The
Act itself is binding without limitation or qualification because it
is passed by the sovereign Parliament (UK Parliament), but the laws passed
by the Parliament of the Commonwealth, a subordinate Parliament, must be
within the limits of the delegation of powers or they will be null
and void.What is not so granted to the Parliament of the Commonwealth
is denied to it. What is not so granted is either reserved to the
States, as expressed in their respective Constitutions, or remains vested
but dormant in the people of the Commonwealth”
The Constitution.
To understand
anything about a Constitution. We must first ask ourselves two questions;
1. What is a Constitution?
and
2. Why do we have such a thing?
A Constitution
is a document that is full of laws that control the governance of this country.
And
what we mean by governance is that there are three distinct and totally
separate organs of government in this country, and they are;
a.The
Parliament, which consists of the upper and lower houses (someone should tell
Queensland about that, and is a very good example of why we should ask question
2 above far more frequently) and it is the Parliament that make, repeal and
amend laws by first creating bills, and
b.
The Executive, which is headed up by the Governor General and it is one of
their responsibilities to give or not to give Royal assent to bills created by
Parliament so that they can become laws. The Police are also an integral part
of the Executive, and
c.
The Judicature, which is headed up by the Chief Justice of the High Court, it
is their responsibility to interpret the law and administer justice. The High
Court is also an integral part of theJudicature, their primary role is to
interpret and uphold the Constitution of the Commonwealth and that of the
States.They are not there to defend any form of Government, whether State or
Federal, a characteristic that is becoming far too frequent.
Why do we require a
Constitution?
As described early in this
document the wise men and women of Australia (The humanitarians) were not
particularly happy with the way the Colonies were misbehaving. To the extent,
that in the eyes ofthe wise men and women a local umbrella body was needed (the
Commonwealth Government) that had the ability to restrain the Colonies. It was
also realised that the people required a document that would protect the people
from that umbrella body. The Constitution was to be that document.
How
did the people come by the Constitution?
The Constitution took about
thirteen years from conception to completion. In 1888 the wise men of Australia
(largely lawyers) were called the framers of the Constitution and they
conducted constitutional conventional debates all around the country. The constitutional
conventional debates started in1888, and went on for ten years. Then in 1898,
and only after the framers were satisfied they had a document that they could
put to the people in a referendum (Landowners only), a document to seek their
approval, at that point the document would become a Constitution.
That 1898 referendum was
unsuccessful, the framers had to go back to the drawing board, talk to the
people and readjust the document to better reflect their will, and have another
referendum (again landowners only),which they did in 1899. This referendum was
successful and now the people had a Constitution, which came into effect on the
1st January 1901.
After
federation, the people were excited about the formation of their new and
independent country, all looked well. But it did last very long. Soon after Federation
the rot started to set in, the extreme right wing (fascist) governments started
to exert their marauding tactics upon the people. Such behaviour has grown
considerably worse since Federation and it’s not going to get any better until
the people wake up and do something about it.
The appalling behaviour by
the three organs of government (parliament, executive and the judiciary) has
been going on in this country for many decades, and is only able to take place
because not enough people are reading and understanding the Constitution, nor asking
the two questions mentioned above. We must also lobby our politicians and to let
them know just how angry you are. It
can all be summed up quite easily, the framers created the Constitution, the
people approved the Constitution and such Constitution is in place to protect
the people from the marauding governance.
For that reason,
we all must read and understand the Constitution, if not enough of us do that,
then the age old saying applies.
“If you keep doing what you
have always done (nothing), why would you be surprised if you keep getting what
you what you always got?”
clrg.info 22 Jan 2015
Information that EVERY Australian should be familiar with!
